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Saturday Online Chapter 3

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Lymph does NOT assist the body with _________.
a.
removing toxins and cellular waste
b.
protecting the skin and body against disease
c.
supplying nutrients to the skin
d.
bathing the skin cells
 

 2. 

Hard keratin makes up _________ percent of human hair.
a.
10
b.
15
c.
30
d.
90
 

 3. 

Someone who smokes an e-cigarette that contains nicotine will experience _________.
a.
erosion of the stomach lining
b.
destruction of the salivary glands
c.
contraction of the blood vessels
d.
dilation of the esophagus
 

 4. 

The scientific field that studies the structure and composition of the skin tissue is _________.
a.
integumentary anatomy
b.
skin physiology
c.
skin histology
d.
cellular biology
 

 5. 

Oil is secreted by _________.
a.
follicles
b.
the adrenal glands
c.
the pons
d.
the sebaceous glands
 

 6. 

Sunburn and cancer are caused by _________ rays.
a.
UVA
b.
UVD
c.
UVC
d.
UVB
 

 7. 

Body tissues come from the basic building blocks known as _________.
a.
carbohydrates
b.
sugars
c.
proteins
d.
lipids
 

 8. 

Healthy skin is _________.
a.
slightly dry
b.
slightly basic
c.
slightly acidic
d.
slightly rough
 

 9. 

Eumelanin can be distinguished by an appearance that is _________.
a.
white to brown
b.
red to black
c.
red to yellow
d.
dark brown to black
 

 10. 

Melanin production is stimulated by _________.
a.
foods that are high in protein
b.
foods that are high in calcium
c.
lotions and creams containing vitamin E
d.
exposure to sunlight
 

 11. 

Phytoestrogens are created by the chemical processes of _________.
a.
animals other than humans
b.
minerals
c.
humans
d.
plants
 

 12. 

What is considered a part of the nail structure?
a.
The cuticle
b.
The bulb
c.
The sebaceous gland
d.
The external root sheath
 

 13. 

The dermis contains a layer called _________.
a.
the stratum lucidum
b.
the stratum granulosum
c.
the subcutaneous layer
d.
the stratum germinativum
 

 14. 

Skin is strengthened by a protein substance of complex fibers called _________.
a.
adipose
b.
ceramide
c.
collagen
d.
elastin
 

 15. 

The white blood cell that digests and kills bacteria and parasites with its enzyme is called a _________.
a.
lamellar granule
b.
corneocyte
c.
leukocyte
d.
Langerhans immune cell
 

 16. 

The oil glands are also known as _________.
a.
sudoriferous glands
b.
arrector pili
c.
endocrine glands
d.
sebaceous glands
 

 17. 

The ability for skin to stretch and return to firmness is caused by _________.
a.
melanin
b.
collagen
c.
elastin
d.
keratin
 

 18. 

What term encompasses the protective layer that is comprised of cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings?
a.
Hypodermis
b.
Dermis
c.
Epidermis
d.
Stratum
 

 19. 

What is sebum?
a.
The fibrous protein cells that make up the skin, hair, and nails
b.
Extreme water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface
c.
A condition in which capillaries that have been damaged are now larger blood vessels
d.
An oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and the hair
 

 20. 

Virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells are all combated by _________.
a.
T cells
b.
corneocytes
c.
leukocytes
d.
Langerhans immune cells
 

 21. 

What works to hydrate the skin?
a.
Keratin
b.
Intercellular matrix
c.
Hyaluronic acid
d.
Extracellular matrix
 

 22. 

The outermost layer of skin is called the _________.
a.
endodermis
b.
epidermis
c.
hypodermis
d.
dermis
 

 23. 

When capillaries have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels, a condition known as _________ is present.
a.
rosacea
b.
telangiectasia
c.
microcirculation
d.
glycation
 

 24. 

The type of melanin that is red and yellow in color is called _________.
a.
melanosome
b.
eumelanin
c.
tyrosinase
d.
pheomelanin
 

 25. 

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells filled with keratin that resemble little grains is the _________.
a.
stratum corneum
b.
stratum germinativum
c.
stratum lucidum
d.
stratum granulosum
 

 26. 

What is an apocrine gland?
a.
An appendage attached to follicles that produce sebum
b.
A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital area that secretes sweat
c.
A tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
d.
A sweat gland found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores
 

 27. 

The sweat gland that is found all over the body and contains openings on the skin is called the _________.
a.
apocrine gland
b.
eccrine gland
c.
sebaceous gland
d.
dermal gland
 

 28. 

The part of the skin which is located next to the epidermis is the _________.
a.
stratum corneum
b.
reticular layer
c.
papillary layer
d.
dermal papilla
 

 29. 

What is microcirculation?
a.
The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule that results in formation of damaged structures
b.
The circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles, to capillaries, to venules, and then back to the heart
c.
The dilation of the capillary walls that can result in the walls bursting
d.
The chronic vascular disorder characterized by varying degrees of skin redness
 

 30. 

What does the term epidermal growth factor refer to?
a.
A hormone that stimulates the production of fibroblasts
b.
A hormone that stimulates production of cortisol
c.
A hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
d.
A glycolipid material that is a natural part of skin's intercellular matrix
 

 31. 

What does the term subcutaneous layer refer to?
a.
A thin, protective covering with many nerve endings
b.
A layer composed mostly of collagen and elastin
c.
A protective cushion and energy storage for the body
d.
The support layer of connective tissues
 

 32. 

What is water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface?
a.
Barrier function
b.
Transepidermal water loss
c.
Epidermal growth factor
d.
Heat regulation
 

 33. 

The nail structure is partially composed of _________.
a.
pores
b.
the granular layer
c.
follicles
d.
the hyponychium
 

 34. 

Skin irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss are prevented by the _________.
a.
barrier function
b.
intercellular matrix
c.
arrector pili muscle
d.
sebum
 

 35. 

Another term for the horny layer is the _________.
a.
stratum germinativum
b.
stratum lucidum
c.
stratum corneum
d.
stratum granulosum
 

 36. 

Where does cell mitosis occur?
a.
The stratum germinativum
b.
The stratum corneum
c.
The stratum lucidum
d.
The stratum spinosum
 

 37. 

What part of the body comprises the five sections known as the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum?
a.
Dermis
b.
Integumentary system
c.
Central nervous system
d.
Epidermis
 

 38. 

The small, cone-shaped structures at the bottom of hair follicles are called _________.
a.
collagen
b.
elastin
c.
dermal papilla
d.
hair papilla
 

 39. 

The oil and water balance that protects the skin's surface is called _________.
a.
barrier function
b.
hydrolipidic film
c.
hyaluronic acid
d.
sebum
 

 40. 

When a dead protein cell that is dried out and lacks nuclei. It is called _________.
a.
a keratinocyte
b.
a fibroblast
c.
a corneocyte
d.
adipose
 

 41. 

What enzyme stimulates melanocytes?
a.
Collagen
b.
Elastase
c.
Tyrosinase
d.
Glycation
 

 42. 

The glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function are collectively known as _________.
a.
triglycerides
b.
fatty acids
c.
ceramides
d.
hyaluronic acids
 

 43. 

Protein structures are altered and biological activity is decreased by _________.
a.
glucose
b.
cortisol
c.
glycation
d.
desmosomes
 

 44. 

Blood vessels, but NOT lymph vessels are located in the _________.
a.
stratum spinosum
b.
stratum corneum
c.
papillary layer
d.
reticular layer
 

 45. 

What is telangiectasia?
a.
A chronic vascular disorder characterized by varying degrees of skin redness
b.
The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule
c.
An anti-inflammatory, an antioxidant, and a key factor in tissue repair
d.
A condition in which capillaries have been damaged and are now larger blood vessels.
 

 46. 

What fibrous, connective tissue is made from protein and is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
a.
Elastin
b.
Cortisol
c.
Melanin
d.
Collagen
 

 47. 

UVA radiation does NOT _________.
a.
weaken the skin's collagen
b.
cause genetic damage
c.
cause wrinkles
d.
cause sunburn
 

 48. 

The cell that produces skin pigment granules in the basal layer is called _________.
a.
a keratinocyte
b.
a melanocyte
c.
melanin
d.
a melanosome
 

 49. 

The type of light wavelength that ranges between 320 and 400 nanometers and penetrates deep into the skin is _________.
a.
UVA radiation
b.
HEV light
c.
UVC radiation
d.
UVB radiation
 

 50. 

What is also known as aging rays?
a.
UVA radiation
b.
UVB radiation
c.
UVC radiation
d.
UVD radiation
 

 51. 

What term does not refer to an esthetician who specializes in the beauty and health of skin?
a.
Specialist
b.
Histologist
c.
Technician
d.
Skin therapist
 

 52. 

A client who has a scar under her arm _________.
a.
will never grow hair on that part of the underarm
b.
will be sensitive to touch there
c.
cannot be waxed in the axillary area
d.
will sweat more readily
 

 53. 

Why might a client have lighter skin than her esthetician?
a.
The client has more melanocytes than the esthetician
b.
The client has fewer melanocytes than her esthetician
c.
The client's melanocytes produce more melanin than her esthetician
d.
The client's melanocytes produce less melanin than her esthetician
 

 54. 

Every minute, the human skin sheds _________ cells.
a.
300
b.
3000
c.
30,000
d.
3,00,000
 

 55. 

The body's largest organ is _________.
a.
the skin
b.
the brain
c.
the heart
d.
the liver
 

 56. 

What are the building blocks of tissues?
a.
Peptides, which build amino acids
b.
Proteins, which are built by amino acids
c.
Amino acids, which are built from proteins
d.
Peptides, which are built from proteins
 

 57. 

What type of skin is healthy?
a.
Dry to touch
b.
Not too soft
c.
Not acidic
d.
Smooth
 

 58. 

What function of the skin is connected the most closely to stress reduction in older adults?
a.
Sensation
b.
Protection
c.
Heat regulation
d.
Excretion
 

 59. 

Damage to what function of the skin causes skin dehydration?
a.
Heat regulation function of skin
b.
Barrier function of skin
c.
Sensation function of skin
d.
Absorption function of skin
 

 60. 

Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation all help the skin with _________.
a.
Absorption
b.
Protection
c.
Heat regulation
d.
Excretion
 

 61. 

What skin function helps synthesize Vitamin D from sunlight?
a.
Absorption
b.
Protection
c.
Heat regulation
d.
Excretion
 

 62. 

Excretion is a function of the skin's _________.
a.
sebaceous glands
b.
the sudoriferous glands
c.
the adrenal glands
d.
the thyroid glands
 

 63. 

Someone who is pubescent might have an acne breakout because of stimulated _________.
a.
sudoriferous glands
b.
adrenal glands
c.
thyroid glands
d.
sebaceous glands
 

 64. 

The most sensory nerve fibers in the skin are located in _________.
a.
the feet
b.
the eyes
c.
the fingertips
d.
the nose
 

 65. 

The part of the skin that insulates is known as _________.
a.
sebum
b.
fibroblasts
c.
melanocytes
d.
adipose tissue
 

 66. 

Abel is shivering with cold and goose bumps appear on his arms. This is an example what part of the body working?
a.
Fibroblasts
b.
Melanocytes
c.
Adipose tissue
d.
Arrector pili muscles
 

 67. 

What comprises 50–70 percent of the skin?
a.
Water
b.
Sebum
c.
Amino acids
d.
Adipose tissue
 

 68. 

What is true of all hair on the human body?
a.
It can be seen with the naked eye.
b.
It is an appendage of the skin.
c.
It has nerve endings.
d.
It has sensation.
 

 69. 

Isabel is a young woman with a normal rate of hair growth and hasn't gotten a haircut for the past four months. How much has her hair likely grown?
a.
1 inch
b.
2 inches
c.
3 inches
d.
6 inches
 

 70. 

Compared to Beta keratin, Alpha keratin _________.
a.
is harder
b.
makes up the majority of human hair
c.
has a higher fat content
d.
is softer
 

 71. 

What is a part of both hair and skin?
a.
Melanin
b.
Nerve endings
c.
Blood vessels
d.
Fibroblasts
 

 72. 

The technical term for the nail is _________.
a.
sebum
b.
onyx
c.
keratin
d.
adipose
 

 73. 

What condition, related to circulation, causes the skin under the nails to turn purplish or blue?
a.
Melanoma
b.
Keratosis
c.
Cyanosis
d.
Elastosis
 

 74. 

What is true of the growth rate of fingernails?
a.
It is slower than that of toenails.
b.
It is faster in the winter months.
c.
It averages an inch per month.
d.
It is faster over the summer.
 

 75. 

The two types of nerves are called _________.
a.
motor and reflex
b.
sensory and motor
c.
sensory and reflex
d.
reflex and adipose
 

 76. 

What is another name for motor nerves?
a.
Efferent nerves
b.
Sensory nerves
c.
Afferent nerves
d.
Secretory nerves
 

 77. 

Afferent nerves is another term for _________.
a.
efferent nerves
b.
sensory nerves
c.
motor nerves
d.
secretory nerves
 

 78. 

One example of a motor nerve functioning is _________.
a.
pulling away from a hot stove
b.
reacting to pain
c.
goose bumps
d.
a message sent to the central nervous system
 

 79. 

One example of sensory nerve functioning is _________.
a.
sweating
b.
goose bumps
c.
sebum production
d.
reaction to cold
 

 80. 

When kissing her girlfriend, Jaime notices her underarms smell more strongly. This is due to the production of her _________.
a.
eccrine glands
b.
apocrine glands
c.
endocrine glands
d.
sebaceous glands
 

 81. 

Sarah is feeling hot and her forehead is sweaty, which is a result of her _________.
a.
eccrine glands
b.
apocrine glands
c.
endocrine glands
d.
sebaceous glands
 

 82. 

What does exfoliation removes and deplete?
a.
Leukocytes
b.
T cells
c.
Lipids
d.
Lymph
 

 83. 

All of the following cells are replaced every six to nine months EXCEPT _________.
a.
heart cells
b.
liver cells
c.
kidney cells
d.
collagen cells
 

 84. 

What do the natural antioxidants in the skin help to prevent damage from?
a.
UVC
b.
Leukocytes
c.
Free radicals
d.
Metabolites
 

 85. 

The harmful effects of pollution will not be counteracted by _________.
a.
foundation products
b.
growth factor serums
c.
routine cleansing
d.
sun exposure
 

 86. 

What is a result of drinking too much alcohol?
a.
Increased elastin production
b.
Increased collagen production
c.
Hyperpigmentation
d.
Rosacea
 

 87. 

What is true of collagen and elastin production over time?
a.
Collagen levels increase and elastin levels decrease
b.
Collagen levels decrease and elastin levels increase
c.
Collagen and elastin levels both increase
d.
Collagen and elastin levels both decrease
 



 
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