Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Lymph does NOT assist the body with
_________.
a. | removing toxins and cellular
waste | b. | protecting the skin and body against
disease | c. | supplying nutrients to the
skin | d. | bathing the skin
cells |
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2.
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Hard keratin makes up _________ percent of human
hair.
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3.
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Someone who smokes an e-cigarette that contains
nicotine will experience _________.
a. | erosion of the stomach lining | b. | destruction of the salivary glands | c. | contraction of the blood vessels | d. | dilation of the esophagus |
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4.
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The scientific field that studies the structure and
composition of the skin tissue is _________.
a. | integumentary anatomy | b. | skin physiology | c. | skin
histology | d. | cellular biology |
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5.
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Oil is secreted by _________.
a. | follicles | b. | the adrenal glands | c. | the
pons | d. | the sebaceous
glands |
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6.
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Sunburn and cancer are caused by _________
rays.
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7.
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Body tissues come from the basic building blocks
known as _________.
a. | carbohydrates | b. | sugars | c. | proteins | d. | lipids |
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8.
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Healthy skin is _________.
a. | slightly dry | b. | slightly basic | c. | slightly
acidic | d. | slightly rough |
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9.
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Eumelanin can be distinguished by an appearance
that is _________.
a. | white to brown | b. | red to black | c. | red to
yellow | d. | dark brown to
black |
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10.
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Melanin production is stimulated by
_________.
a. | foods that are high in
protein | b. | foods that are high in
calcium | c. | lotions and creams containing vitamin
E | d. | exposure to
sunlight |
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11.
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Phytoestrogens are created by the chemical
processes of _________.
a. | animals other than humans | b. | minerals | c. | humans | d. | plants |
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12.
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What is considered a part of the nail
structure?
a. | The cuticle | b. | The bulb | c. | The sebaceous
gland | d. | The external root
sheath |
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13.
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The dermis contains a layer called
_________.
a. | the stratum lucidum | b. | the stratum granulosum | c. | the subcutaneous
layer | d. | the stratum
germinativum |
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14.
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Skin is strengthened by a protein substance of
complex fibers called _________.
a. | adipose | b. | ceramide | c. | collagen | d. | elastin |
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15.
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The white blood cell that digests and kills
bacteria and parasites with its enzyme is called a _________.
a. | lamellar granule | b. | corneocyte | c. | leukocyte | d. | Langerhans immune
cell |
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16.
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The oil glands are also known as
_________.
a. | sudoriferous glands | b. | arrector pili | c. | endocrine
glands | d. | sebaceous glands |
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17.
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The ability for skin to stretch and return to
firmness is caused by _________.
a. | melanin | b. | collagen | c. | elastin | d. | keratin |
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18.
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What term encompasses the protective layer that is
comprised of cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings?
a. | Hypodermis | b. | Dermis | c. | Epidermis | d. | Stratum |
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19.
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What is sebum?
a. | The fibrous protein cells that make up the skin, hair,
and nails | b. | Extreme water loss caused by evaporation on the
skin's surface | c. | A condition in
which capillaries that have been damaged are now larger blood vessels | d. | An oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and
the hair |
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20.
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Virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer
cells are all combated by _________.
a. | T cells | b. | corneocytes | c. | leukocytes | d. | Langerhans immune
cells |
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21.
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What works to hydrate the skin?
a. | Keratin | b. | Intercellular matrix | c. | Hyaluronic
acid | d. | Extracellular
matrix |
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22.
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The outermost layer of skin is called the
_________.
a. | endodermis | b. | epidermis | c. | hypodermis | d. | dermis |
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23.
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When capillaries have been damaged and are now
larger, or distended, blood vessels, a condition known as _________ is present.
a. | rosacea | b. | telangiectasia | c. | microcirculation | d. | glycation |
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24.
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The type of melanin that is red and yellow in color
is called _________.
a. | melanosome | b. | eumelanin | c. | tyrosinase | d. | pheomelanin |
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25.
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The layer of the epidermis that contains cells
filled with keratin that resemble little grains is the _________.
a. | stratum corneum | b. | stratum germinativum | c. | stratum
lucidum | d. | stratum
granulosum |
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26.
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What is an apocrine gland?
a. | An appendage attached to follicles that produce
sebum | b. | A coiled structure attached to hair follicles in the
underarm and genital area that secretes sweat | c. | A tube-like
opening for sweat glands on the epidermis | d. | A sweat gland
found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through
pores |
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27.
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The sweat gland that is found all over the body and
contains openings on the skin is called the _________.
a. | apocrine gland | b. | eccrine gland | c. | sebaceous
gland | d. | dermal gland |
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28.
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The part of the skin which is located next to the
epidermis is the _________.
a. | stratum corneum | b. | reticular layer | c. | papillary
layer | d. | dermal papilla |
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29.
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What is microcirculation?
a. | The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule
that results in formation of damaged structures | b. | The circulation of
blood from the heart to arterioles, to capillaries, to venules, and then back to the
heart | c. | The dilation of the capillary walls that can result in
the walls bursting | d. | The chronic
vascular disorder characterized by varying degrees of skin
redness |
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30.
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What does the term epidermal growth factor refer
to?
a. | A hormone that stimulates the production of
fibroblasts | b. | A hormone that
stimulates production of cortisol | c. | A hormone that
stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal | d. | A glycolipid
material that is a natural part of skin's intercellular
matrix |
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31.
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What does the term subcutaneous layer refer
to?
a. | A thin, protective covering with many nerve
endings | b. | A layer composed mostly of collagen and
elastin | c. | A protective cushion and energy storage for the
body | d. | The support layer of connective
tissues |
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32.
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What is water loss caused by evaporation on the
skin's surface?
a. | Barrier function | b. | Transepidermal water loss | c. | Epidermal growth factor | d. | Heat
regulation |
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33.
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The nail structure is partially composed of
_________.
a. | pores | b. | the granular layer | c. | follicles | d. | the
hyponychium |
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34.
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Skin irritation and intercellular transepidermal
water loss are prevented by the _________.
a. | barrier function | b. | intercellular matrix | c. | arrector pili
muscle | d. | sebum |
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35.
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Another term for the horny layer is the
_________.
a. | stratum germinativum | b. | stratum lucidum | c. | stratum
corneum | d. | stratum
granulosum |
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36.
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Where does cell mitosis occur?
a. | The stratum germinativum | b. | The stratum corneum | c. | The stratum
lucidum | d. | The stratum
spinosum |
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37.
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What part of the body comprises the five sections
known as the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum
germinativum?
a. | Dermis | b. | Integumentary system | c. | Central nervous
system | d. | Epidermis |
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38.
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The small, cone-shaped structures at the bottom of
hair follicles are called _________.
a. | collagen | b. | elastin | c. | dermal
papilla | d. | hair papilla |
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39.
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The oil and water balance that protects the
skin's surface is called _________.
a. | barrier function | b. | hydrolipidic film | c. | hyaluronic
acid | d. | sebum |
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40.
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When a dead protein cell that is dried out and
lacks nuclei. It is called _________.
a. | a keratinocyte | b. | a fibroblast | c. | a
corneocyte | d. | adipose |
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41.
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What enzyme stimulates melanocytes?
a. | Collagen | b. | Elastase | c. | Tyrosinase | d. | Glycation |
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42.
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The glycolipid materials that are a natural part of
skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function are collectively known as
_________.
a. | triglycerides | b. | fatty acids | c. | ceramides | d. | hyaluronic
acids |
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43.
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Protein structures are altered and biological
activity is decreased by _________.
a. | glucose | b. | cortisol | c. | glycation | d. | desmosomes |
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44.
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Blood vessels, but NOT lymph vessels are located in
the _________.
a. | stratum spinosum | b. | stratum corneum | c. | papillary
layer | d. | reticular layer |
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45.
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What is telangiectasia?
a. | A chronic vascular disorder characterized by varying
degrees of skin redness | b. | The binding of a
protein molecule to a glucose molecule | c. | An
anti-inflammatory, an antioxidant, and a key factor in tissue repair | d. | A condition in which capillaries have been damaged and are now larger blood
vessels. |
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46.
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What fibrous, connective tissue is made from
protein and is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
a. | Elastin | b. | Cortisol | c. | Melanin | d. | Collagen |
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47.
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UVA radiation does NOT _________.
a. | weaken the skin's
collagen | b. | cause genetic damage | c. | cause wrinkles | d. | cause
sunburn |
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48.
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The cell that produces skin pigment granules in the
basal layer is called _________.
a. | a keratinocyte | b. | a melanocyte | c. | melanin | d. | a
melanosome |
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49.
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The type of light wavelength that ranges between
320 and 400 nanometers and penetrates deep into the skin is _________.
a. | UVA radiation | b. | HEV light | c. | UVC
radiation | d. | UVB radiation |
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50.
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What is also known as aging rays?
a. | UVA radiation | b. | UVB radiation | c. | UVC
radiation | d. | UVD radiation |
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51.
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What term does not refer to an esthetician who
specializes in the beauty and health of skin?
a. | Specialist | b. | Histologist | c. | Technician | d. | Skin
therapist |
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52.
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A client who has a scar under her arm
_________.
a. | will never grow hair on that part of the
underarm | b. | will be sensitive to touch
there | c. | cannot be waxed in the axillary
area | d. | will sweat more
readily |
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53.
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Why might a client have lighter skin than her
esthetician?
a. | The client has more melanocytes than the
esthetician | b. | The client has
fewer melanocytes than her esthetician | c. | The client's
melanocytes produce more melanin than her esthetician | d. | The client's melanocytes produce less melanin than her
esthetician |
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54.
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Every minute, the human skin sheds _________
cells.
a. | 300 | b. | 3000 | c. | 30,000 | d. | 3,00,000 |
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55.
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The body's largest organ is
_________.
a. | the skin | b. | the brain | c. | the
heart | d. | the liver |
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56.
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What are the building blocks of
tissues?
a. | Peptides, which build amino
acids | b. | Proteins, which are built by amino
acids | c. | Amino acids, which are built from
proteins | d. | Peptides, which are built from
proteins |
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57.
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What type of skin is healthy?
a. | Dry to touch | b. | Not too soft | c. | Not
acidic | d. | Smooth |
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58.
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What function of the skin is connected the most
closely to stress reduction in older adults?
a. | Sensation | b. | Protection | c. | Heat
regulation | d. | Excretion |
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59.
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Damage to what function of the skin causes skin
dehydration?
a. | Heat regulation function of
skin | b. | Barrier function of skin | c. | Sensation function of skin | d. | Absorption function of skin |
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60.
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Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and
insulation all help the skin with _________.
a. | Absorption | b. | Protection | c. | Heat
regulation | d. | Excretion |
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61.
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What skin function helps synthesize Vitamin D from
sunlight?
a. | Absorption | b. | Protection | c. | Heat
regulation | d. | Excretion |
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62.
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Excretion is a function of the skin's
_________.
a. | sebaceous glands | b. | the sudoriferous glands | c. | the adrenal
glands | d. | the thyroid
glands |
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63.
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Someone who is pubescent might have an acne
breakout because of stimulated _________.
a. | sudoriferous glands | b. | adrenal glands | c. | thyroid
glands | d. | sebaceous glands |
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64.
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The most sensory nerve fibers in the skin are
located in _________.
a. | the feet | b. | the eyes | c. | the
fingertips | d. | the
nose |
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65.
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The part of the skin that insulates is known as
_________.
a. | sebum | b. | fibroblasts | c. | melanocytes | d. | adipose
tissue |
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66.
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Abel is shivering with cold and goose bumps appear
on his arms. This is an example what part of the body working?
a. | Fibroblasts | b. | Melanocytes | c. | Adipose
tissue | d. | Arrector pili
muscles |
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67.
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What comprises 50–70 percent of the
skin?
a. | Water | b. | Sebum | c. | Amino
acids | d. | Adipose tissue |
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68.
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What is true of all hair on the human
body?
a. | It can be seen with the naked
eye. | b. | It is an appendage of the
skin. | c. | It has nerve endings. | d. | It has sensation. |
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69.
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Isabel is a young woman with a normal rate of hair
growth and hasn't gotten a haircut for the past four months. How much has her hair likely
grown?
a. | 1 inch | b. | 2 inches | c. | 3
inches | d. | 6 inches |
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70.
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Compared to Beta keratin, Alpha keratin
_________.
a. | is harder | b. | makes up the majority of human hair | c. | has a higher fat content | d. | is
softer |
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71.
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What is a part of both hair and skin?
a. | Melanin | b. | Nerve endings | c. | Blood
vessels | d. | Fibroblasts |
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72.
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The technical term for the nail is
_________.
a. | sebum | b. | onyx | c. | keratin | d. | adipose |
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73.
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What condition, related to circulation, causes the
skin under the nails to turn purplish or blue?
a. | Melanoma | b. | Keratosis | c. | Cyanosis | d. | Elastosis |
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74.
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What is true of the growth rate of
fingernails?
a. | It is slower than that of
toenails. | b. | It is faster in the winter
months. | c. | It averages an inch per
month. | d. | It is faster over the
summer. |
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75.
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The two types of nerves are called
_________.
a. | motor and reflex | b. | sensory and motor | c. | sensory and
reflex | d. | reflex and
adipose |
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76.
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What is another name for motor
nerves?
a. | Efferent nerves | b. | Sensory nerves | c. | Afferent
nerves | d. | Secretory nerves |
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77.
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Afferent nerves is another term for
_________.
a. | efferent nerves | b. | sensory nerves | c. | motor
nerves | d. | secretory nerves |
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78.
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One example of a motor nerve functioning is
_________.
a. | pulling away from a hot stove | b. | reacting to pain | c. | goose
bumps | d. | a message sent to the central nervous
system |
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79.
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One example of sensory nerve functioning is
_________.
a. | sweating | b. | goose bumps | c. | sebum
production | d. | reaction to
cold |
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80.
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When kissing her girlfriend, Jaime notices her
underarms smell more strongly. This is due to the production of her _________.
a. | eccrine glands | b. | apocrine glands | c. | endocrine
glands | d. | sebaceous glands |
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81.
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Sarah is feeling hot and her forehead is sweaty,
which is a result of her _________.
a. | eccrine glands | b. | apocrine glands | c. | endocrine
glands | d. | sebaceous glands |
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82.
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What does exfoliation removes and
deplete?
a. | Leukocytes | b. | T cells | c. | Lipids | d. | Lymph |
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83.
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All of the following cells are replaced every six
to nine months EXCEPT _________.
a. | heart cells | b. | liver cells | c. | kidney
cells | d. | collagen cells |
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84.
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What do the natural antioxidants in the skin help
to prevent damage from?
a. | UVC | b. | Leukocytes | c. | Free
radicals | d. | Metabolites |
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85.
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The harmful effects of pollution will not be
counteracted by _________.
a. | foundation products | b. | growth factor serums | c. | routine
cleansing | d. | sun exposure |
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86.
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What is a result of drinking too much
alcohol?
a. | Increased elastin production | b. | Increased collagen production | c. | Hyperpigmentation | d. | Rosacea |
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87.
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What is true of collagen and elastin production
over time?
a. | Collagen levels increase and elastin levels
decrease | b. | Collagen levels decrease and elastin levels
increase | c. | Collagen and elastin levels both
increase | d. | Collagen and elastin levels both
decrease |
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